As per World Bank’s 2010 estimates, the country needs to invest nearly 12 per cent of the GDP annually for a decade to bridge the infrastructure gap. In between 1975 to 2009, the country’s investment in infrastructure remained very low at merely around five per cent of the gross domestic product.
The government’s allocation in the fiscal budget for development of infrastructure has increased to around 13 per cent of the GDP, but the resources have not been utilised in a proper manner. High allocation for infrastructure projects should go hand in hand with effective utilisation of resources but the lack of project handling capacity has been an obstacle to deliver the desired results.
It is only the government that has been taking the lead in infrastructure projects. Contribution of the private sector in infrastructure development was a marginal 0.7 per cent of the GDP between 2007 to 2012, according to National Planning Commission — the apex planning body of the government.
When compared to other South Asian countries, Nepal ranks in the last position in terms of telecommunication access. Likewise, the country ranks in the sixth position in terms of road access and improved water access and in fifth position in electricity consumption. Only 25 per cent of the territory has been termed as ‘urbanised’ in the country.
Nepal needs to invest massively in energy and transport, the two infrastructure sectors that are necessary to unlock the growth constraints, according to Deependra Bahadur Kshetry, former vice chairman of NPC.
“At least 75 per cent of the total infrastructure financing should go towards energy and transport,” he said. “For this, we can attract foreign investment as well as encourage the private sector to invest in infrastructure, which in turn will also help develop other sectors.”
Experts and policymakers have said that the country needs to bridge the infrastructure gap as soon as possible by making adequate investment in this sector, which will foster the economic potential of the country to achieve the target to graduate to the league of middle income countries by 2030. |