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The world's first panoramic carbon emission accounting system covering the production end, consumption end, and natural sources - the "Panshi·Yuheng Carbon Accounting Large Model" version 1.0 - was launched in Shanghai on April 8, marking a new breakthrough for China in the field of global carbon emission accounting.

Greenhouse gas emissions lead to global climate change. Carbon emission accounting serves as a crucial basis for international climate commitments, a key foundation for international carbon pricing, and an essential prerequisite for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.

Developed under the leadership of the Shanghai Advanced Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the "Panshi·Yuheng Carbon Accounting Large Model" aims to overcome bottlenecks faced by traditional carbon accounting, such as high knowledge barriers, difficult data processing, long cycles, and low resolution. It reconstructs the paradigm of the carbon accounting field through generative artificial intelligence, dynamically depicts global carbon flows and carbon traceability, and comprehensively enhances China's technological discourse power in global climate governance.

According to Wei Wei, Deputy Director of the Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, "Panshi·Yuheng" is built upon the "Panshi Scientific Foundation Large Model" developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its technical architecture establishes a three-tier support system comprising data, algorithms, and computing power. Based on tracking carbon flow in production processes, tracing carbon transfer in international trade, and tracing the spatial distribution of carbon emissions, it establishes a high-precision carbon holographic map covering social and spatial dimensions. Simultaneously, it builds a dataset system with combined internal and external sources and multi-dimensional coverage, centered around application needs.

Scenario application is key to demonstrating the value of a large model. Currently, the service interface of the "Panshi·Yuheng" model provides conversational and programming interfaces for a vertical-domain large language model with 32 billion parameters and an intelligent database. It has developed five agents with specific functions, enabling digital simulation and optimization of industrial system processes, accounting for trade-related carbon transfer, lifecycle assessment, natural source accounting, and uncertainty analysis, respectively.

Currently, based on the "Panshi·Yuheng Carbon Accounting Large Model," a high-precision national-level carbon holographic map has been preliminarily achieved. Taking 2022 as an example, under the new scientifically fair accounting system, the greenhouse gas emissions of China, the United States, and Japan were adjusted by -17.7%, +15.2%, and +7.2%, respectively, compared to the traditional production-side accounting results of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The large model found that the default emission factors of the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) systematically overestimate the emission factors of Chinese products. The large model also accurately accounted for the contribution of China's green products to global emission reduction.