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Imports of explosives into Nepal have been disrupted after India imposed stricter conditions for issuing No Objection Certificates (NOCs) for explosive material imports. The disruption follows the Indian Embassy’s introduction of new documentation requirements for import approvals.

India had already been tightening approvals for projects involving Chinese investment. While approvals were previously scrutinized mainly based on Chinese investment or involvement, Indian authorities are now also requiring details on electromechanical (EM) and hydromechanical (HM) contractors, as well as the origin of imported equipment.

“Earlier, projects without Chinese investment could obtain approval relatively easily. But now, authorities are asking for details of EM and HM contractors and equipment suppliers as well,” said one hydropower developer. “They have started creating hurdles by demanding information on even minor issues.”

According to the developer, obtaining approval for the first shipment of explosives is relatively straightforward. However, the permit must be renewed every six months, and during renewal, providing EM and HM contract details has become mandatory.

“The Indian side says many developers obtain NOCs but do not proceed with construction, instead simply renewing the permits, which is why they are asking for additional details,” the developer told Nepal Infrastructure. “It appears they want to issue permits only to projects that are actively under construction. But when civil works begin, EM and HM contracts may not yet have been awarded. As a result, we cannot even start construction because explosives are essential. This has become a serious problem.”

Nepal imports most of its explosives from India, while only limited quantities are sourced from China. The Nepali Army also produces explosives on a small scale. Whenever India suspends or delays explosive exports, infrastructure and construction projects across Nepal are affected. Industry stakeholders say India’s policy of restricting Chinese investment and technology in Nepal has had significant consequences for the country’s development projects.

Independent Power Producers’ Association, Nepal President Mohan Kumar Dangi said several hydropower projects have been affected because they have been unable to import explosives. He added that recent delays in obtaining NOCs have created significant difficulties.

“We have written to the ministers requesting them to coordinate with the Indian side. This issue requires diplomatic engagement; it cannot be resolved through efforts at our level alone,” Dangi said. “We hope the problem will be resolved soon.”

Last year, India’s suspension of explosive exports halted construction work at around three dozen hydropower projects in Nepal. Explosive supplies remained blocked for nearly 10 months over concerns that Indian-made explosives could be used in projects linked to China.

India has maintained a policy of withholding explosives from projects built by Chinese companies, involving Chinese contractors, or using Chinese machinery and equipment. However, industry sources note that India continues to export explosives without similar restrictions to various projects in African countries where Chinese contractors and investment are also involved.

Nepalpurbadhar